Reference Literature

Essential evidence to inform your practice.


Below are links to key articles and resources.

Acute Dizziness and Vertigo

Avoiding “HINTS Positive/Negative” to Minimize Diagnostic Confusion

Thomas, D. B., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2016). Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy, 7(4), 129-131.

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TiTrATE: A Novel, Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosing Acute Dizziness and Vertigo

Newman-Toker, D. E., & Edlow, J. A. (2015). Neurol Clin, 33(3), 577-99.

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HINTS to diagnose stroke in the acute vestibular syndrome

Kattah, J. C., et al. (2009). Stroke, 40(11), 3504-10.

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Does my dizzy patient have a stroke? A systematic review of bedside diagnosis

Tarnutzer, A. A., et al. (2011). CMAJ, 183(9).

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Update on HINTS Plus, With Discussion of Pitfalls and Pearls

Kattah, J. C. (2019). Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 43, S42-S45.

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GRACE-3: Acute dizziness and vertigo in the emergency department

Edlow, J. A., et al. (2023). Academic Emergency Medicine, 30(5), 442-486.

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Diagnosis is a team sport

Thomas, D. B., & Newman-Toker, D. E. (2016). Diagnosis (Berl), 3(2), 49-59.

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Differential Diagnosis of Vertigo in the ED: STANDING Algorithm

Vanni, S., et al. (2017). Frontiers in Neurology, 8, Article 607.

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Imprecision in patient reports of dizziness symptom quality

Newman-Toker, D. E., et al. (2007). Mayo Clin Proc, 82(11), 1329-40.

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Diagnosing Stroke in Acute Dizziness and Vertigo

Saber Tehrani, A. S., et al. (2018). Stroke, 49, 788-795.

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Maximizing Effectiveness of Examination of Patients with Acute Dizziness in the ED

Corsino, J. (2022). Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy, 13(1).

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Symptoms and Signs of Neuro-otologic Disorders

Newman-Toker, D. E. (2012). Neurol Clin, 18(5), 1016-1040.

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Central oculomotor disturbances and nystagmus

Strupp, M., et al. (2011). Dtsch Arztebl Int, 108(12), 197-204.

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Semicircular canal plane head impulses

Cremer, P. D., et al. (1998). Brain, 121(Pt 4), 699-716.

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Prevalence of Horizontal Canal BPPV

Bhandari, R., et al. (2023). Neurology Clinical Practice, 13(5).

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Cervical Myelopathy

Evidence-based commentary on the diagnosis, management, and further research of degenerative cervical spinal cord compression in the absence of clinical symptoms of myelopathy

Horak T, et al. Front Neurol. 2024 May

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Clustered clinical findings for diagnosis of cervical spine myelopathy

Cook C, et al. J Man Manip Ther. 2010 Dec

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Cervical Myelopathy - NIH StatPearls

Margetis K, Donnally III CJ.

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Critical Care

Mechanical Ventilation: State of the Art

Pham, Tài et al. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Volume 92, Issue 9, 1382 - 1400.

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ICU Mobility efficacy review

Singam A. Mobilizing Progress: A Comprehensive Review of the Efficacy of Early Mobilization Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit.

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Additional Resources

Walking Speed: The Sixth Vital Sign

Lusardi et al. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy 32(2):p 2-5, .

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Coma Recovery Scale

Giacino, et al. JFK CRS-r.

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